How to form the plural

How to form the plural
( I ) Regular Plural : Noun + S

Singular animal chair record house office
Plural animals chairs records houses Offices

( II ) Irregular Plural :
( 1 ) Nouns ending in “ ch – sh – ss – o – x – s ” form their plural by adding : es

Singular watch brush glass Potato (*) box bus
Plural watches brushes glasses potatoes boxes buses

( * ) But foreign or abbreviated words ending in « o » add « s » only :

Singular piano photo dynamo kimono
Plural pianos photos dynamos kimonos

( 2 ) Nouns ending in “ ay – ey – oy – uy ” add « s » in the plural :

Singular day key boy
Plural days keys Boys

( 3 ) Nouns ending in “ y ” ( with no vowel before it ) take « ies » in the plural :

Singular city lady country fly
Plural cities ladies countries flies

( 4 ) These common nouns ending in “ f ” or “ fe ” take « ves » in the plural :

Singular wife knife life shelf loaf leaf thief
Plural wives knives lives shelves loaves leaves thieves

( 5 ) Nouns changing their vowel in the plural :

Singular man woman tooth foot mouse
Plural men women teeth feet mice

Note : The plural of “ child and ox ” is “ children and oxen ” .

( 6 ) Nouns which do not change in the plural ( animals and fish ) :

Singular fish sheep deer salmon trout grouse
Plural fish sheep deer salmon trout grouse